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The team discussed the use of AI companion and the presentation of slides, with a focus on the topic of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs). They explored the benefits and features of SMRs, including their safety, simplicity, and flexibility, and their potential to replace fossil plants and support renewable energy sources. The meeting also touched on the challenges of the modern grid, the potential for reusing equipment, and the idea of inserting small modular nuclear plants into the footprints of old reactors.

Dr. Jerry Slate introduced Dr. George W. Griffith, who shared his background in nuclear engineering and his work at the Idaho National Laboratory. George then presented on the topic of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), explaining their definition, deployment, and applications. Ted asked a question about the megawatts quoted, clarifying that it refers to electrical power.

George discussed the development and features of small modular reactors (SMRs). He explained that SMRs are designed with high safety, simplicity, and flexibility, and can be used for heat, electricity, and hydrogen production. They are being built on an assembly line and have a smaller footprint. George also mentioned that SMRs are designed to replace fossil plants and can be integrated into existing grid systems. Judy asked about the replacement of other plants, to which George responded that each SMR would be a specific design, with multiple reactors of the same design in a singular nuclear power plant. He also highlighted the benefits of SMRs, such as simplified design, modular construction, and reduced safety systems. George concluded by mentioning the IAEA database, which provides information on various reactor projects worldwide. Ted asked about the use of heavy water moderators in SMRs, to which George responded that he didn't believe any were pursuing this approach.

George discussed the advantages of using steel in nuclear reactor designs, highlighting its ease of maintenance and predictability compared to concrete. He also mentioned the potential for nuclear reactors to support renewable energy sources, as they can provide a stable power supply when wind and solar energy is not available. George further explained that nuclear reactors can be optimized for specific economic environments and can be built in smaller, modular units. He also touched on the safety features of integrated designs, which include fewer active components and a reduced risk of sabotage. Lastly, he discussed the possibility of using nuclear reactors to produce tritium, which is becoming increasingly scarce.

George discusses various types of advanced nuclear reactors and their safety features. He explains that smaller reactors have less fissionable material and lower power densities, making them easier to cool and less of a threat. Integrated Pressurized Water Reactors (IPWRs) are described as simpler and more compact, with fewer components to maintain. George also covers High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactors (HTGRs), Molten Salt Reactors, and Liquid Metal Reactors, highlighting their unique features and safety advantages. He emphasizes that these newer designs often have inherent safety features and can operate more flexibly than traditional reactors.

George discusses several aspects of modern small modular reactors (SMRs) and their benefits. He explains that SMRs have a much smaller emergency protective zone, often limited to the plant's fence line, which addresses safety concerns and fears associated with nuclear power. George also highlights the security benefits of SMRs, their factory-built nature, and their flexible operations capabilities. He mentions that SMRs can be used for various applications beyond electricity generation, such as hydrogen production, desalination, and district heating. George then describes specific SMR designs, including the NuScale VOYGR nuclear power plant, Kairos KP-FHR molten floride salt cooled reactor, GE/Hitachi BWRX-300 water-cooled boiling water reactor, and TerraPower NATRIUM Na cooled fast reactor, and OKLO heat pipe fast reactor, highlighting their unique features and advantages.

George discussed the complexities of the modern grid and exchanges, highlighting the challenges of cost, schedule, and safety. He introduced the concept of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) as a solution, noting their potential for increased safety and security. George also touched on the rapidly changing market and the need for further study. He concluded by mentioning the need for a transition plan to accommodate the increasing power needs, particularly from data centers and electric cars. He suggested that this transition might take longer than expected, but nuclear power could play a role in meeting the demand. The conversation ended with George acknowledging the need for further understanding of the inputs to this transition.

Ted proposed the idea of inserting small modular nuclear plants into the footprints of old reactors, either extending their lifetime or dismantling them. George agreed, suggesting that these plants should be built adjacent to existing facilities to take advantage of the grid and heat sink. Ted also mentioned the potential for reusing equipment, but George clarified that this would be difficult due to the need for re-engineering and design basis. The discussion also touched on the possibility of building small nuclear reactors for individual communities or neighborhoods, with George estimating the cost at around 70-80 million dollars per unit. The team also discussed the need for environmental impact assessments for these small power units.

George discussed the differences between various reactor systems, likening them to a Ford F-150 pickup and a McLaren F1 racer. He mentioned that the US is currently the most active in developing different reactors. Ted raised concerns about the deregulation of the electric generation in New England, which led to the loss of older power plants. He questioned if there was a way to protect former plant sites for future use. George responded that once these sites are gone, they are likely gone for good. He also mentioned that some companies are considering combining renewables and nuclear power for a more reliable grid, even if it's not the lowest cost option.

The meeting revolved around discussions on energy production, particularly focusing on solar and nuclear power. Ted expressed concerns about the inefficiency of solar panels and the limitations of renewable energy sources. He also mentioned the potential for combined cycle, natural gas plants. An attendee brought up the issue of global warming and the need for more efficient solar panels and batteries. The team also discussed the challenges faced by Germany due to their reliance on solar and wind energy.

Ted, David, and Steve discussed the potential of using small nuclear reactors for power generation in residential areas. Ted highlighted the challenges of siting such reactors, while Steve humorously suggested the idea of having a reactor in his backyard. Ted shared his experience with the South Texas Nuclear Project, where a mistake in the construction of the plant led to a significant cost overrun. David shared his experience working at Stone and Webster, a company involved in nuclear power plant construction, and emphasized the importance of prioritizing control room alarms for system reliability.